Glossary#
The terms and abbreviations section contains a descriptions of the relevant abbreviations, their transcripts and a descriptions of the definitions used.
- REPEAT
REal-time Platform for Engineering Automated Technologies - platform of model-oriented design and mathematical modeling environment
- ATS
Automatic transfer scheme
- AR
Automatic re-enablement
- AEC
Automatic excitation control
- APCS
Automated process control system
- AFC
Amplitude-frequency characteristic
- NPP
Nuclear power plant
- DB
Database
- IIR filter
Infinite impulse response filter
- UAV
Unmanned aerial vehicle
- FFT
fast Fourier transform
- BSC
Battery of static capacitors
- CVD
Current-voltage diagram
- WCWR
Water-cooled water reactor
- UB
Upper Boundary
- OL
Overhead power line
- HV
- EP
Exhaust parachute
- DCI
- AC
Aircraft
- WT
Wind turbine
- GDT
Group delay time
- GTU
Gas turbine units
- ICE
Internal combustion engine
- DC motor
Direct current motor
- DCP
- DE
Differential equation
- SES
Single Energy System
- RA
Return area
- UVP
Under voltage protection
- DB
Deadband
- VCS
voltage-controlled voltage source
- CCVS
current-controlled voltage source
- VCCS
voltage-controlled current source
- CCCS
current-controlled current source
- GWC
Gas well cluster
- SC
- FIR filter
Finite impulse response of a filter
- NOC
No-voltage control
- Efficiency
Coefficient of performance
- SC
Synchronization control
- FE
finite element
- AC
Aircraft
- LAC
Logarithmic amplitude characteristic
- UA
User account
- LMB
Left Mouse Button
- PTL
- PC(2)
Propelling (pyrotechnic) charge
- FEM
Finite element method
- FVM
Finite volume method
- ML
Mobile launcher
- TOP
- LB
Lower Boundary
- SSS
Stress-strain state
- LV
- ODE
Ordinary Differential Equations
- CCC
Common control channel
- MP
Main parachute
- BD
Bypass disconnector
- WS
Waiting for synchronicity
- OA
Operational amplifier
- UES
United Energy System
- r.u.
Relative Units
- PI-controller
Proportional-integral controller
- PID controller
- PC
Personal computer
- RMB
Right Mouse Button
- PLC
Programmable logic controller
- SW
Software
- RP
Relay Protection
- RP&A
- PRE
Power reserve extender
- ZPDR
Zero-sequence power direction relay
- FPC
Flow-pressure characteristic
- OTC
On-load tap changer
- CR
Current relay
- RF
Radio frequency
- CAD
Computer-aided design
- ACS
Automatic control systems
- ACS
Automatic control system
- CrS
Coordinate System
- SD
standard deviation
- AV
average voltage
- PLS
Parachute landing system
- WCS
Well product collection system
- STATCOM
- STC
- CS
Control System
- TPAR
Three-phase automatic reclosing
- TS
Technical specification
- TCG
Thyristor-capacitor group
- VT
Voltage Transformer
- ZDOP
Zero-Sequence directional overcurrent protection
- IOP
Instantaneous overcurrent protection
- TRG
Thyristor-reactor group
- Veh
Vehicle
- CT
Current transformer
- HC
Hydrocarbon
- SA
Synchronicity acquisition
- IGTU
Integrated gas treatment unit
- LCD
Longitudinal compensation device
- PLL
Phase-Locked Loop
- SMF
Sliding Medium Filter
- PFC
Phase-frequency characteristic
- idle
Idling
- HPC
High-pressure cylinder
- DT
- CG
Center of gravity
- LPC
Low pressure cylinder
- IPB
Infinite power bus
- PWM
Pulse Width Modulation
- EMF
- PS
Power system
- AD
Aerial device
- CFD
Computational fluid dynamics - Вычислительная гидродинамика
- CIC
Cascaded integral-comb - Каскадный интегрально-гребенчатый фильтр
- CSV
Comma‑Separated Values
- FACTS
Flexible Alternative Current Transmission System
- FAQ
Frequently Asked Questions
- FEM
Finite element method - МКЭ
- FMI
Functional Mock-up Interface - Интерфейс функциональной модели
- FSM
Finite State Machine - конечные автоматы
- GUI
Graphical user interface - графический интерфейс пользователя
- NTU
Number of Transfer Units - число единиц теплопередачи
- PINN
Physics-informed neural networks - Физически-информированные нейронные сети
- RMS
Root mean square
- SNR
- SVC
Static Var Compensator
- THD
Total harmonic distortion
- GP
Gaussian process
- ML
Machine learning
- NN
Neural Network
- STATCOM
Static synchronous Compensator
- Approximation model
A Mathematical model, that approximates the original model given a set of requirements. The approximation model can be used to establish the dependence of the results of a full-scale or numerical experiment on the measured parameters and conditions of the experiment. Approximation models are used to perform approximate calculations.
- Elementary block library, block library
library is a set of objects from which a circuit is built within a specific code generator. Library objects will be used to build all the circuits you create. Each object in the library has its own identifier (or class: blocks and decorative elements) and refers to a specific device in the circuit.
- Block
Block is a circuit element that has ports (inputs/outputs). Design parameters are set for blocks. The connection with the corresponding fields in the database is specified. Monitoring points and failures are determined. The corresponding blocks define boundary conditions.
- DC Insert
A substation that converts AC to DC from the mains using a rectifier and then converts DC to AC of the original or other frequency at the output using an inverter.
- Pop-up panel
A window that opens on the computer screen when performing an operation or displaying the progress of this operation.
- Higher Voltage
Наибольшее из номинальных напряжений обмоток трансформатора. Обмотку, соответствующую этому напряжению, называют обмоткой высшего напряжения.
- Decorative elements
Decorative elements are objects that are not involved in compiling a calculation task (for example, Indicator, static objects), they are simple graphic primitives and are added to the circuit window in the same way as to the graphics editor window described below. Blocks and communication lines are involved in the preparation of the calculation task – they are active elements of the circuit.
- Differential Current Protection
A type of relay protection whose operating principle is based on comparing currents at the ends of the protected object.
- Dual numbers
This is an algebraic extension of the real numbers whose elements have the form \(a+\epsilon \cdot b\), where \(a\) and \(b\) are real numbers, and \(\epsilon\) is a Nilpotent element with the property \(\epsilon ^2=0\) (with \(\epsilon \neq 0\)). In their structure, they resemble complex numbers, but instead of the imaginary unit \(i\) (\(i^2=-1\)), they use epsilon \(\epsilon\). The number \(a\) is called the real part, and \(b\) is the dual part.
- Interactive assistant
Visual tour of the web application interface blocks.
- Computer model
A Model, made in a computer environment and representing a set of data and program code necessary for working with data. The detailed description of the term is given in GOST R 57412-2017 Computer models of product in design, manufacturing and maintenance. General.
- Short Circuit
Electric connection of two points of the electric circuit with different potential values, not stipulated by the design of the device and disrupting its normal operation. Short circuit can occur as a result of insulation failure of current-carrying components or mechanical contact of non-insulated components. Also, a short circuit is a state where the load resistance is less than the internal resistance of the power supply source.
- Button
Interface element of computer programs, is a metaphor for equipment buttons and, accordingly, is depicted similar to it and performs similar functions. When you click on it, a program-related action or event occurs.
- Communication line
Communication line (link) is a circuit element that connects two or more ports of a block.
- Power Transmission Line
A part of the power system and an electric network designed to transmit electricity from generation facilities to converter and distribution units, as well as to connect adjacent power systems.
- Time overcurrent protection
A type of relay protection, the action of which is associated with an increase in the current strength in the protected circuit when a SC occurs in a section of the circuit.
- Mathematical model
A Model in which information about a modeling object is presented in the form of mathematical structures: equations, inequalities, functional dependencies, etc. The detailed description of the term is given in GOST R 57412-2017 Computer models of product in design, manufacturing and maintenance. General.
- Menu
User interface element that allows you to select one of several listed program options.
- Model
An entity that reproduces a phenomenon, object, or property of a real-world object. The model is an approximate representation that preserves significant features of the simulated object of the real world, and describes the main properties of the modeling object, its parameters, internal and external relations with the accuracy specified by the developer. The model is used to study the properties of an object in the real world by examining the model. The detailed description of the term is given in GOST R 57412-2017 Computer models of product in design, manufacturing and maintenance. General.
- Machine learning model
A Computer model that implements some method of machine learning methods include Linear models, Neural networks, Ensemble models, etc. Such models can be applied to solve problems of regression, classification, clustering, reduction of dimension and others.
- Modal window
Window that “monopolizes” the focus of user attention, and you can continue working with the program only after closing (executing a request) such a “modal” window.
- Multiphysical model
Mathematical model in which a system of interconnected equations contains dependencies from several areas of physics, such as mechanics, electronics, heat transfer, isothermal hydraulics, thermal hydraulics, pneumatics, two-phase hydraulics, and others. Multiphysical model allow solving complex problems of describing the processes of electric heating and thermal hydraulics in units, modeling hydromechanical converters and other complex systems.
- Neural network
A set of methods from a variety of machine learning algorithms. A typical neural network is a combination of linear data transformations in layers of neurons with nonlinear transformations in activation functions. Neurons have parameters - weights that are configurable during learning by an optimizer to minimize loss function. The method was originally based on a mathematical model of the work of a biological neural network. The neural network has many architectural modifications that allow efficient work with various types of data.
- Lower Voltage
Наименьшее из номинальных напряжений обмоток трансформатора. Обмотку, соответствующую этому напряжению, называют обмоткой низшего напряжения.
- Nilpotent element
Nilpotent in abstract algebra is an element of a ring or algebra that, when raised to some natural power, yields zero.
- Обратная задача
Задача определения неизвестного значения параметра \(x\) в существующей модели изделия, системы или функции \(g(x)\) с условием выполнения равенства \(g(x) = \text{const}\) при заранее известной величине \(\text{const}\). Значение \(\text{const}\) может являться требованием ТЗ, а также может быть получено по результатам диагностики или экспериментов. Обратные задачи решаются с помощью оптимизатора.
- Optimization
The process of searching for the best (optimal) solution to a problem with a given objective function, constraint functions and convergence criteria for the solution to the problem.
- Optimizer
An algorithm that selects optimal parameters based on the gradients of the objective function, under which the condition of achieving an optimum (usually a minimum or maximum) is implemented. In the context of machine learning, the objective function is the activation function, and the configurable parameters are the parameters of the machine learning model.
- Window
Method of organizing a full-screen interface of a program (a type of graphical interface), in which each integral part is located in a graphical window - its own sub-screen space located in an arbitrary place “above” the layer of the main screen. Multiple windows simultaneously located on the screen can overlap, virtually being on layers “above” or “below” each other
- Panel (of tools, information)
GUI element designed to place several other elements on it. Typically, it is a horizontal or vertical rectangle in which the following elements may be relatively permanently placed:
- Proportional-integral-differentiative controller
A device in a feedback control loop.
- Прямая задача
Задача вычисления результатов расчёта для существующей модели изделия или системы при наличии всех необходимых исходных данных об изделии (системе). В математике прямая задача заключается в вычислении \(y = g(x)\) для заранее заданной функции \(g\) при известном значении параметра \(x\).
- Port
Port is an object in the block image from which a communication line can be led or to which a communication line can be connected. Ports and links can be of different types. The link type is determined by the corresponding ID and the type can be changed. A link can only be connected to a port if it has the same type.
- Relay Protection and Automatics
Комплекс устройств, предназначенных для выявления повреждений и ненормальных режимов работы оборудования энергосистемы, отключения поврежденных элементов и выполнения автоматических действий, необходимых для поддержания нормальной работы энергосистемы.
- Solver
Solver is a program that applies a numerical method to solve a set of equations that represent a model. This calculation determines the time of the next simulation step. In the process of solving this task with an initial value, the solver also meets the accuracy requirements you set.
- Static synchronous compensator
A transversely connected reactive power compensation device based on a static voltage or current converter with capacitive or inductive output current able to vary independently of the mains voltage.
- Static thyristor compensator
It is a transversely connected static source or absorber of reactive power, ensuring feeding with capacitive or inductive current to control voltage of electric power system.
- Circuit
Circuit (of thermohydraulics, electrics, automatics) is built in the graphical interface (workspace) from elementary blocks.
- Current cutoff
A type of relay protection whose action is associated with an increase in the current value in the protected section of the electrical network.
- Loss function
A mathematical function (functional) that quantifies the discrepancy between the values predicted by the model and their true values.
- Activation function
Nonlinear transformation applied to the outputs of a neuron in a neural network, allowing to model nonlinear dependencies and approximate arbitrary functions.
- Objective function
A function whose parameters are modified by an optimizer in order to achieve the minimum value of the function.
- Product digital twin
A system consisting of a <digital model of the product> and two-sided information links with the product (if any) and (or) its components. A detailed description of the term is given in GOST R 57700.37-2021 Computer Models and Simulation. Digital product twins. General provisions.
- Product Digital Twin
A system consisting of a digital model of the product and two-sided information links with the product (if product is available) and (or) its components. A detailed description of the term is given in GOST R 57700.37-2021 Computer Models and Simulation. Digital Product Twins. General Provisions.
- Electromotive Force
A scalar physical quantity that characterizes the operation of third-party forces (that is any forces other than electrostatic and dissipative ones) in quasi-stationary DC or AC circuits. In a closed circuit, the EMF is equal to the operation of these forces to move a single positive charge over the entire circuit.
- Endpoint
An Endpoint is a specific address (URL or URI) on a network or application that serves as a point of interaction for exchanging data and performing operations between different systems or devices. For example, in web development, endpoints are used in API, where they allow clients to send requests to retrieve or modify data.
- Finite State Machine
A mathematical model used to control complex processes, such as in programming.
- Machine learning Inference
The process of invoking a Machine learning model, in which the model is supplied with new input data not present in the training set. Invoking (or running) a model can be performed by external tools or programs that support neutral formats for saving, exchanging, and running models. One such format is ONNX, supported by the REPEAT VISION platform.
- Number of Transfer Units
The NTU method in heat exchangers is a heat transfer calculation method used when data is insufficient to apply the logarithmic mean temperature difference (LMTD) method. NTU is a dimensionless quantity characterizing the heat transfer efficiency in a heat exchanger. The essence of the NTU method: The NTU method allows you to calculate the efficiency of a heat exchanger using the concept of C\(_{min}\) - the minimum heat capacity of the flow and NTU.
- Signal-to-Noise Ratio
A key characteristic in radio engineering that determines the ratio of the useful signal’s power or voltage to the background noise power. A high value (measured in dB) guarantees high-quality data transmission: the higher the value, the cleaner the signal and the less interference.